When J2EE container managed security is used the User Principal can be referenced in a number of ways:
Expression Language
<af:outputText value="#{facesContext.externalContext.userPrincipal.name}"/>
Managed / Backing Bean
ExternalContext ectx = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext();
String userName = ectx.getUserPrincipal().getName();
System.out.println("Current user: " + userName);
ADF BC Application Module
String userName = getUserPrincipalName();
System.out.println("Current user: " + userName);